Brooks Groves
"In the summer of A.D. 1054, a supernova blazed in the sky bright enough to cast shadows at night. Somewhere near Fajada Butte, at the eastern entrance to Chaco Canyon, a Chacoan astronomer watched it rise. We don't know their name. We don't know their language. We don't know what they called the sky above them. But we know they were watching, because they built it into the stone."
— SOLSTICE README · April 2026
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Chaco Canyon · Archaeoastronomy · ephem · forge3d · Leaflet

☀️ SOLSTICE

A live archaeoastronomy dashboard watching the same sky, over the same canyon, that the Chacoan people built their great houses to track. Current sun and moon positions computed for Chaco Canyon twice daily. Live alignment monitor for the Casa Rinconada northeast doorway — the great kiva whose entrance aligns to the summer solstice sunrise at 66.5°. Days to the next solstice and equinox. Interactive Leaflet map with all ten great houses and the Chacoan road network.

"The canyon aligned its stones to the sky. We aligned our data to the canyon."

The terrain hero is a GPU-rendered 4K hillshade of Chaco Canyon from USGS 3DEP 1/3 arc-second LiDAR data, rendered via forge3d — camera southeast of the canyon looking northwest, late-afternoon sun casting shadows into the mesa cuts. Pueblo Bonito's rear wall runs true north within 0.1°. Casa Rinconada's alignment activates in the dashboard when the current sunrise azimuth falls within 3.5° of 66.5° — around the summer solstice window each June.

Python ephem forge3d USGS 3DEP LiDAR Leaflet GitHub Actions rasterio pixi GitHub Pages
View Live Dashboard → Read the Build Post →
Casa Rinconada alignment
66.5°
NE doorway azimuth · summer solstice sunrise
Pueblo Bonito north wall precision
0.1°
true north · within a tenth of a degree
Great houses mapped
10
Pueblo Bonito · Casa Rinconada · Chetro Ketl · +7
Terrain resolution
1/3"
arc-second · USGS 3DEP · ~10m per pixel
Dashboard updates
2×/day
06:00 and 18:00 UTC · GitHub Actions
The Great Houses of Chaco Canyon
SiteRoomsPeriodNotable
Pueblo Bonito~800850–1150 CERear wall faces true north within 0.1°. Largest great house in the canyon.
Chetro Ketl~5001010–1110 CEUnique colonnade. 4 stories. One of the finest examples of Chacoan masonry.
Casa Rinconada1000–1100 CEGreat kiva. NE doorway aligns to summer solstice sunrise at 66.5°. SOLSTICE alignment anchor.
Pueblo del Arroyo~2801075–1115 CEAdjoins rare tri-walled structure. Late occupation.
Hungo Pavi~150900–1100 CELargely unexcavated. Two great kivas. Spring equinox alignments documented.
Una Vida~160850–1000 CEOne of the earliest great houses. Nearby petroglyphs including possible supernova pictograph.
Penasco Blanco~150900–1125 CENear the possible 1054 CE supernova pictograph — a painted hand, crescent, and bright disc.
Pueblo Alto~901020–1100 CEMesa-top terminus of the Great North Road — 50 miles straight across the mesa with no practical purpose.
Kin Kletso~551125–1150 CELate McElmo-tradition construction. One of the last great houses built.
Wijiji~901100–1150 CEEasternmost great house. Accessible only by foot trail.
Background

The Alignment at Fajada Butte

On Fajada Butte, three stone slabs leaning against a cliff face create daggers of light that bisect spiral petroglyphs at every solstice, equinox, and major lunar standstill over an 18.6-year cycle. This solar marker was documented by artist Anna Sofaer in 1977 — she returned during summer solstice and watched a dagger of light bisect the center of the spiral at noon.

The great north road leaves Pueblo Alto and runs straight for fifty miles across the mesa, cutting through arroyos and climbing ridges with no apparent practical purpose. As if it wasn't built for walking, but for seeing — a line drawn from a specific point toward something on the horizon that mattered.

Project Kiva — LiDAR Pipeline

SOLSTICE's companion project — Project Kiva is a Southwest archaeology remote sensing pipeline using real USGS 3DEP LiDAR data. Sky-View Factor, Local Relief Model, and automated feature detection across Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde, Hohokam Phoenix, and Canyon de Chelly.

The same LiDAR data that renders SOLSTICE's terrain hero also feeds Project Kiva's archaeological feature detection. The 1/3 arc-second DEM strips the vegetation and modern disturbance away and reads the landform underneath — walls, roads, kivas — that have been invisible to surface survey for generations.

Related Work